Laboratory experiment
it is an experiment that is carried out in a tightly controlled environment. Where the independent variable is manipulated by the researcher, the effect of the change is measure by the dependent variable.
Advantages
- many variables are controlled because the experiment is in a tight environment.
- the results are valid because no extraneous variables could have affected the study.
- we are certain of the independent variable
Disadvantages
- may not apply to real life situations as it lacks ecological validity
- demand characteristics are high because participants are aware of taking part in a research
- the researcher can influence the participants's behaviour
Field experiment
is an experiment that is carried out in a natural environment. The independent variable is manipulated by the researcher.
Advantages
- it has a high ecological validity and finding can be generalised to real life
- no demand characteristics as participants maybe unaware of the research
Disadvantages
- It has a low experimental validity as extraneous variables may affect results
- it is difficult to set up and this slows down research
- it may be unethical as participants may not be aware that they are taking part in a research
Natural experiment
it is carried out in a natural environment where the independent variables are not manipulated.
Advantages
- it is ecologically valid and findings can be applied to real life
Disadvantages
- Lack of control over the participants and therefore more extraneous and participant variables
- Most situations that will fit into the reseach are hard to find and therefore it is diddicult to replicate and test for reliability